Process of 3-layer co-extruded biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) synthetic paper
Process of 3-layer co-extruded biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) synthetic paper

The inorganic filler for the paper surface layer of the present invention is selected from one of the group consisting of calcium carbonate, diatomite, clay, titanium dioxide and barium sulphate or a mixture thereof with a granule diameter of 0.5-5 μ, and the quantity used thereof may be 2-4% depending on the required writing quality and printability.

The major action of inorganic filler for the present invention is to let PP synthetic paper make use of the irregular configuration of said filler extending to form some fine holes during biaxial orientation, to lower the specific gravity of synthetic paper considerably below 0.75 without additive frothing agent, and to equip the synthetic paper with the best opacity. In consideration of the dispersibility of the inorganic filler, the resin composite of synthetic paper also may use the pre-formed master batch of inorganic filler and PP resin.

The inorganic filler for the intermediate layer of the present invention is a mixture of calcium carbonate or diatomite or clay and titanium dioxide, the using quantity thereof is 15-22% weight, and the said titanium dioxide is essentially red schorl of which the major action is to adjust the shadowing of pp synthetic paper and the whiteness of paper surface and to resist against ultraviolet.

The static resistant agent for the synthetic paper of the present invention may be that for the current BOPP in general, and it is essentially the Grade 3 amine of which the charge translation can eliminate the static effect resulted from processing friction, and the quantity used is 1-3% weight.

In order to prevent the mutual adhesion between the paper surface from happening during rolling the synthetic paper of the present invention, the adhesion resistant agent is required and it may be the current silicon dioxide in general for BOPP so as to upgrade the stretching and flattening of the synthetic paper, and quantity 0.05-0.15% weight is used.

In order to prolong the usable life of the synthetic paper of the present invention and to prevent the said paper subject to the UV action from ageing and decomposing, the UV absorbent is used in a quantity of 0.05-0.15% weight.

The specific gravity of PP synthetic paper product of the present invention may be below 0.75, and adjusted through changing the formula of composition thereof and is lower than 0.79 which is the specific gravity of Toko Kaihai s Japanese Patent 3-87225 so that the consumers can use more area further economically even though the unit weight is the same.

The present invention adopts the synthetic paper with 3-layer structure consisting of paper surface layer/intermediate layer/paper surface layer, wherein the extrudate of PP resin composite from one primary extruder and the extrudate of resin composite from two secondary extruder are co-flow to the same one T-type die for extrusion to form a sheet with 3-layer structure and then result in a synthetic paper through cooling/shaping, biaxial orientation, corona discharge treatment and rolling, and if the synthetic paper thickness over 100μ is required, it will be laminated. Such a synthetic paper through the foregoing process and processing is closely related to its physical property, productivity, equipment and operation. The BOPP product in general is a transparent product with filler. However, in the imitation process, a large quantity of inorganic filler is required to be added to the raw material formula of the PP synthetic paper of the present invention, so the productivity of biaxial orientation, the dispersibility of inorganic filler and the quality stability of product are subject to an ordeal. http://www.szsanxin.cn/en-us/products05.html

Massage Chairs for Pain Relief
Massage Chairs for Pain Relief

A good massage can do wonders for relieving tension and back pain, but a therapeutic massage is not always convenient or available. While it is still best to get a massage from a licensed massage therapist, an electronic substitute is now also available that may provide some of the benefits of the human touch—the massage chair.

Most believe massage chair is a luxury item. A massage chair is certainly not necessary for every day living, or for relieving back pain and neck pain. However, for some, the benefits that a massage chair can bring may outweigh the price.

Benefits of Massage Therapy and Massage Chairs

A good hands-on massage can play a crucial role in alleviating back pain. Similarly, a good massage chair is designed to provide some measure of pain relief and relaxation, however, without the need for person-to-person interaction. Getting a massage in the privacy of home, along with convenience and time efficiency, are the major reasons why some are opting to go with a massage chair as a potential means to ease their back pain.

Comprehensive research has demonstrated that there are three central reasons why massage is beneficial:

Massage improves venous and lymphatic flow—manipulating muscles increases blood flow. Increasing blood flow facilitates the circulation and absorption of nutritional elements into the muscles and tissues. Increasing lymphatic circulation clears toxins out of these areas. Together, this revitalizes the massaged area. http://www.massagechairdirect.co.uk/

First Glance at Embroidery Thread
First Glance at Embroidery Thread

Embroidery thread is made of high class natural fibre or chemical fibre. There are many kinds of embroidery thread. It can be classified as silk, wool, cotton etc according to material. Silk embroidery thread is made from pure silk or viscose. It is mainly used to make pattern on satin fabric. The color of pattern made from silk thread is bright and beautiful and brilliant. But its strength is low, not capable to resist wash and sunshine.

Wool Embroidery thread is made from wool or wool blend fibre. It is mainly used to make pattern on woolen cloth, hemp fabric and wool sweater. The color of pattern made from wool is subdued. The texture of pattern is soft and solid. It is normally called as FUZZ Embroidery. But its color is dark, color fastness is not good. Not resist wash.

Cotton embroidery thread is made from combed cotton. Its strength is good, line is smooth, color is lustrous. Resist wash and sunshine. It is widely used to stitchied on cotton, hemp, synthetic fabric. Cotton embroidery thread can be classified as fine counts and heavy counts. Fine counts is suitable for both machine embroidery and hand-made embroidery and pattern is fine and attactive. But fine counts is only suitable for hand-made embroidery. It is efficient and save man-hour, but pattern is rough. http://www.biztrademarket.com/company_Embroidery-thread_3_25_200.htm
Embroidery thread

The Introduction of Ball Valve
The Introduction of Ball Valve

A ball valve, invented in the 1950s, is a valve with a spherical disc. With the rapid development of technology and the ceaseless improvement of processing technique and product structure, the ball valve has been one kind of main valves in recent years. Now it is applied with an increasing speed at home and abroad. The Ball valve is widely used in different industries, such as petroleum refining, long-distance transport pipes, chemical, paper making, pharmacy, water treatment system, electricity and so on.

A ball valve, one type of quarter turn valve, is quite literally a ball placed in a passageway through which fluid flows. The ball has a hole, by which the valve opens and closes. When the ball is positioned in this way where the hole runs the same direction as the passageway, the fluid simply flows through the hole, and the valve is open. However, when the ball is positioned in this way where the hole is perpendicular to the passageway, the fluid cannot pass through, and the valve is closed. The ball is controlled from outside of the valve, often with a handle that can be turned 90 degrees, or a quarter turn, back and forth for opening and closing the valve. Therefore, ball valve is an excellent choice for shutoff applications.

But with the development of technology, it also has the functions of throttling-control and fluid-control.

The ball valve has the following main features. What comes first is that the it is very versatile because it supports pressures up to 700 bars and temperatures up to 200°C and sizes typically range from 0.5 cm to 30 cm. secondly, the ball valve has such a simple structure that it is easy to operate and repair.

Thirdly, the seal and the ball are often in close state so that the ball valve is very reliable and not easy to be eroded by the working medium. Last but not least, with the PTFE valve seat ring the ball valve is quite durable and usually work to achieve perfect shutoff even after years of disuse. As for the types, there are five general body styles of ball valves: single body, three-piece body, split body, top entry, and welded. The difference among them is based on how the pieces of the valve-especially the casing that contains the ball itself-are manufactured and assembled. The valve operation is the same in each case.

SeekValve.com is the global B2B platform in the industry of valves and valve parts. SeekValve aggregates the trade leads in this area, and our ultimate target is to benefit the buyers and sellers of valves and valve parts by utilizing these leads through our online tools. http://www.sbkpv.com
Top entry ball valve
ball valves
floating ball valve

Use of Surftape Carrier Tape to Ship TI Bare Die and Small Packages
Use of Surftape Carrier Tape to Ship TI Bare Die and Small Packages

Qualification Requirements

Surftape has met TI’s qualification requirements for carrier tape:

1. First article inspection: This test ensures that the carrier tape conforms to the supplier’sdrawings and industry standard EIA-763. Additionally, the tape is checked for any visibledamage such as pinholes and scratches. This test is performed by incoming QC.

2. Manufacturability: This test ensures that the carrier tape can be used in the manufacturingequipment without any problems, and that the tape is of sufficient quality to allow forproblem-free shipping to our customers.

3. Surface resistivity test: This test ensures that the carrier tape falls within the EIA-625guidelines for static dissipative materials. The static dissipative range has a surfaceresistivity between 104 and 1011 ?/square. This range is chosen for TI material to helpcontrol tribocharging and ESD discharges, if present.

4. Camber: This test ensures that the carrier tape is straight and not bowed. The tape musthave less than 1 mm of camber per 250-mm length to meet qualification requirements.

Fit analysis: This test ensures that the package fits within the cavity according toindustry-standard guidelines. For traditional packages, such as SOIC, if the pocket is toolarge, there can be excessive rotation that can cause many machine stops during pick andplace. Additionally, an excessively large cavity can cause more bent leads. BecauseSurftape uses an adhesive tape to hold the package, rotational and bent-lead concernsare not an issue. This test is not performed, other than to ensure that the package fits inthe tape cavity.

6. Drop test: TI final packaged reels are dropped six times on a concrete surface from aheight of 30 inches to ensure that no damage occurs if the box is dropped during shippingor handling. The drop height is normal tabletop height and hand-carrying height. No unitswere dislodged when dropped.

7. Shelf Life: TI product has a two-year shelf life. Product must remain usable for this period.

The tape used to hold the packages does not lose its adhesiveness over this time.Storage of die on Surftape for a period longer than 2 years is not recommended due toincreased adhesion. The increased adhesion can lead to pick-and-place issues and,possibly, die damage.

8. Ionics and outgassing: The plastic used for this carrier tape meets TI ionics andoutgassing requirements (see Table 1). One concern customers have is the outgassing ofthe adhesive tape, leading to contaminated bond pads on the die surface. The adhesivetape has been used in expanded-wafer sales and has not caused any contaminationissues. Die stored in Surftape have been analyzed, and contamination has not beenobserved. Another concern customers have with Surftape is the possibility ofcontamination. The absence of a cover tape leaves the die open to environmentalcontamination if not handled correctly. At TI, the die is placed on the Surftape in acontrolled environment and shipped in a moisture-barrier bag with desiccant to preventany contamination during shipment or while sitting on the customer’s shelf. Customerhandling of the die must prevent contact with a hazardous environment. It isrecommended that the customer store excess die for future production in amoisture-barrier bag for protection. http://www.conplastech.com/en/index.asp?id=77

Cellulose Ethers Association
Cellulose Ethers Association

Cellulose ethers are named after, and based on, cellulose - a renewable and the most common chemical compound in organic nature.

There is a broad range of cellulose ethers available (e.g. Carboxymethylcellulose, Ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Methylhydroxyethylcellulose and Methylhydroxypropylcellulose).

These are used as additives in such diverse industries as food, paint, oil recovery, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, printing, agriculture, ceramics, textiles, detergents and building materials.

cellulose ethersimprove the product quality in these industries and act as thickeners, water retention agents, suspending aids, protecting colloids, film formers or thermoplastics in such different products as dispersion paints, drilling muds, ice cream, tablet coatings, wallpaper paste and tile adhesive.

A lot of those cellulose ethers used in building industry (generally knows as "modified cellulose ether") are blends with other additives. Their function may be to improve desired properties, to reduce or wholly suppress undesirable properties
In principle modified cellulose ethers may contain each thinkable mortar additive, but in practice they are limited to those, whose action is almost independent of the binder system. Set retarder and accelerators are an example for less suitable candidates for blending because of their individual interaction with different binders.
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American Iron Oxide Company
American Iron Oxide Company
The first AMROX facility began providing acid recycling services in Allenport, Pennsylvania, USA in September 1995. This AMROX facility processes over 23 million gallons of waste acid per year, resulting in the production of over 15,000 tons per year of iron oxide. This facility incorporates a modified IROX / NKK purification system, enabling AMROX to produce high purity iron oxide with SiO2 levels less than 100 PPM. The facility produces a very consistent quality iron oxide product since waste pickle liquor as feedstock is received from only two steel mill sources.

AMROX has recently added two new facilities located in Portage, Indiana and Rockport, Indiana. These facilities combined will produce over 60,000 tons of iron oxide per year. The Rockport facility will include a revolutionary solvent extraction process, enabling production of ultra-high purity iron oxide containing less than 400 PPM of combined contaminants (excluding chloride). AMROX is also developing several facilities outside the continental US. Additionally, ISSI (the parent company of AMROX) owns and operates the following acid recycling facilities: Re-Gen, Inc. (Warren, OH), MII (Burns Harbor, IN), SAMROX (Argentina), ISSI - France, and INDROX (India). ISSI also operates an acid recycling facility located in Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico.

AMROX is well positioned to service the current and future iron oxide supply and demand requirements in the global marketplace. AMROX is positioned to become the largest iron oxide producer in the USA, and possibly throughout the world. AMROX worldwide production capacity is expected to exceed 75,000 metric tons per year. AMROX understands the importance of meeting the needs of its clients, and is at the forefront of technological development. The technology utilized at the AMROX facilities will allow client s requirements to be satisfied well into the next century.
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iron oxide

Formation of Ionic Iron Oxide
Formation of Ionic Iron Oxide

Steel wool burns in air with a very bright white light, giving off a large amount of energy, and white smoke with is iron oxide in very fine particles. The steel wool changes color to a more gray appearance which is the iron oxide. It is proven that the steel wool has changed into a compound because you can no longer ignite the steel wool after it has burned.

The Octet Rule is the basis for the predictions about the charges on ions. A compound is not stable unless the number of electrons which are lost equals those gained. The electrons gained or lost on each atom may be different. The exchange of electrons continues until there are no left over electrons and no empty spots. This sometimes results in several atoms being required. The subscripts are written to show how many of each kind of atom is involved.

In Australia, storms whipping red iron oxide dust into the atmosphere of city centers has revealed that iron oxide can cause breathing problems and exacerbate asthma, allergies and sinus infections. The iron oxide itself isn t so dangerous as the plant pollen and material it attracts to it; this material can cause serious and potentially life-threatening allergic reactions.

Iron oxide is frequently used to make magnets, and these have been linked to a variety of health problems. The most common danger of small iron oxide magnets is that they might get swallowed. Two magnets inside the digestive tract can bind together between intestinal walls, creating a blockage that can have serious or even deadly medical repercussions. This is especially dangerous with infants and toddlers, who can easily swallow small magnets.
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iron oxide

Proceso de fabricación
Proceso de fabricación
El óxido de hierro natural se extrae de minas que, o bien se explotan a cielo abierto como si fuese una cantera, o bien desde el interior abriendo cavidades sobre el filón. Mediante un proceso de selección y clasificado pasa a la fase de molturación y envasado. A partir de ahí ya se encuentra listo para su comercialización en los distintos mercados industriales donde son utilizados.

El óxido de hierro sintético se crea por la reacción química que se produce al a?adir determinados ácidos a la chatarra, sometida a ciertas temperaturas y presión. Así se crea una pasta que obtendrá una u otra tonalidad dependiendo del ácido y la temperatura empleada. Esta pasta ha de secarse y morturarse, para su posterior envasado y comercialización. La diferencia del óxido de hierro natural con sintético radica esencialmente en el proceso de fabricación.

El óxido de hierro sintético tiene más poder de pigmentación que el óxido de hierro hatural, pero no por ello se puede decir que éste tiene menos calidad, ya que posee un alto poder antioxidante, por lo que ha sido usado desde hace muchos a?os en la fabricación de pinturas antioxidantes y anticorrosivas, como por ejemplo pinturas para barcos, imprimaciones, y otros muchos tipos de pinturas industriales de gran calidad.

Los óxidos de hierro sintéticos son más difíciles de producir, ya que es difícil controlar bien la reacción química a la cual hay que someter el hierro y los ácidos, pues de no ser así nos puede llevar a producir una pintura oxidante en vez de una pintura antioxidante, que es lo que buscamos. Sólo con unos exigentes controles de calidad, se pueden obtener los óptimos resultados en estas reacciones químicas.
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Método para preparar éteres de celulosa
Método para preparar éteres de celulosa
Método para preparar éteres de celulosa, masa flocosa de celulosa realizada mediante el método, éter de celulosa iónico, no-iónico, metil celulosa ycarboximetil celulosa realizados mediante el método y una carboximetil celulosa obtenida mediante elm étodo. Los presentes inventores han descubierto que lareología de la ssoluciones de éteres de Celulosa preparados a partir de pulpa de celulosa es alterada por la mercerización y recuperación de la pulpa decelulosa antes de preparar los éteres decel ulosa. Por ejemplo, la viscosidad de la solución de la carboximetil celulosa (CMC) producida a partir de la pulpade celulosa mercerizada y recuperada es significativamente superior a la producida a partir de la pulpa de celulosa no mercerizada.La pr esente invenciónprovee un método para prepara éteres de celulosa que comprende las etapas de (a) obtener pulpa de celulosa mercerizada y recuperada, y (b) convertir la pulpade celulosa mercerizada y recuperada en éteres de celulosa.
Cuando lapulpa d e celulosa es pulpa kraft de madera blanda del sur, la pulpa de celulosamercerizada tiene una viscosidad TAPPI 230 om-89 superior a 12cP. La pulpa de celulosa mercerizada está típicamente sustancialmente libre de celulosa III. Lapulpa decelulosa mer cerizada preparada por este método tiene un mayor porcentaje de celulosa cristalina II y un área cristalina menor que para la pulpa decelulosa no mercerizada. La presente invención provee también un método para preparar una masa flocosade celulosa q ue comprende las etapas de (a) obtenerpulpa de celulosa mercerizada y recuperada, y (b) tratar la pulpa mercerizada para formar la masa flocosa de celulosa. Cuando la pulpa de celulosa es kraft demadera blanda del sur, la pulpa decelulosa mercerizad a tiene una viscosidad TAPPI 230 om-89 superior a 12cP. Alternativamente el método comprende mercerizary recuperar una masa flocosa de celulosa. La masa flocosa de celulosa preparada mediante este método tiene mayor densidad demasa que la masa de ce lulosapreparada a partir de pulpa de celulosa similar no mercerizada. Además el aumento de la densidad de masa es superior al esperado por el aumento de la aspereza.
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